Types of Steroids

Introduction
Originating from Greek roots, the term ‘steroid’ combines ‘ster’ from ‘STERE’ (meaning solid) and ‘oid’ from ‘EIDOS’ (indicating a three-dimensional shape). This evolves into ‘STEROIEDES’ in Greek, simplified to ‘steroids’ in modern English.

Steroids are organic compounds featuring a specific structure with four interconnected cycloalkane rings, comprising at least twenty carbon atoms forming these ring structures. These are labeled as A, B, C, and D rings, where A, B, and C are known as cyclohexane rings (with six carbon atoms) and the D ring is a cyclopentane ring (with five carbon atoms). The various steroid compounds differ based on alterations in this basic structure, involving changes in the attached functional groups or other minor modifications.

Numerous steroids exist, with most unrelated to muscle growth, strength, or athletic performance. Some steroids actually degrade muscle tissue (corticosteroids). These compounds are found in various natural sources like plants, animals, insects, and fungi, synthesized in cells of these organisms. In humans, steroids like Cholesterol, Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol), Estrogen, Testosterone, and Cortisol are crucial, with Cholesterol being the base for other steroids' synthesis.

Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), are of specific interest. ‘Anabolic’ refers to tissue building, particularly muscle, from Greek ‘ana’ (upward) and ‘ballein’ (to throw). ‘Androgenic’ relates to masculine traits, from ‘andro’ (male) and ‘genes’ (to produce). Anabolic steroids promote muscle tissue growth, while androgenic steroids induce male characteristics. These effects are interconnected in anabolic steroids.

The primary anabolic steroid in humans and many animals is Testosterone, essential for male traits and muscle growth, among other functions. Two other naturally occurring anabolic steroids are Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and Nandrolone, both derivatives of Testosterone.

Hundreds of synthesized anabolic steroids exist, all modifications of Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, or Nandrolone. These variants, or analogues, are altered forms of the base hormones. For example, the structure of Testosterone and its analogue Methandrostenolone (Dianabol) differ, illustrating the variety in anabolic steroids:

  • Testosterone analogues (or derivatives)
  • Dihydrotestosterone analogues (or derivatives)
  • Nandrolone analogues (or derivatives)

These are the three categories of steroids, derived from the ‘parent hormones’ Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, and Nandrolone.

Modifying Testosterone to create analogues aims to produce variants with differing effects, potentially more beneficial for certain medical conditions or patient groups. The goal is also to develop an ‘ideal’ anabolic steroid, with all the benefits and minimal side effects. This has led to the creation of numerous steroid types, with specific uses in athletic performance and physique enhancement.

Testosterone is crucial for understanding other steroids, serving as a reference point. Its anabolic and androgenic ratings are both 100, against which other steroids are measured.

Testosterone Analogues

Testosterone derivatives share many characteristics with Testosterone, but with some differences. For instance, Methandrostenolone (Dianabol) and Boldenone (Equipoise) are direct derivatives. Dianabol is orally effective due to C17-Alpha Alkylation, while Equipoise lacks this modification. These analogues typically exhibit Estrogenic activity, influencing their use in bulking cycles.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Analogues

DHT derivatives are modified forms of DHT, effective in muscle tissue unlike DHT itself. Examples include Winstrol, Anavar, and Masteron. DHT derivatives generally do not interact with the aromatase enzyme, avoiding Estrogenic activity, making them suitable for fat loss and cutting phases.

Nandrolone Analogues

The main Nandrolone derivative is Trenbolone. These steroids, part of the Progestins group, have unique effects due to their structure and binding affinity for Progesterone receptors. They resist aromatization, avoiding Estrogenic side effects, but must be used with an understanding of their Progestogenic properties.

The Myth of Steroids for Bulking/Cutting
The belief in steroids specifically for bulking or cutting is misleading. Steroids do not directly burn fat but increase nutrient partitioning, aiding muscle growth and potentially reducing fat storage. Results depend on nutrition and training, with steroids amplifying these efforts. Steroids like Dianabol, despite their Estrogenic activity, can be used for fat loss when combined with appropriate diet and inhibitors.

In conclusion, understanding the various types of steroids, their origins, and effects is crucial for their effective and safe use, whether in medical treatment or athletic enhancement.