GHRP-2 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide - 2 - a peptide that releases growth hormone), which has shown high efficacy in humans with sublingual and buccal administration. GHRP-2 is the most powerful growth hormone booster today. GHRP-2 is an oligopeptide that can penetrate the vessels of the oral cavity and enter the bloodstream bypassing the liver. Studies have shown that GHRP-2 stimulates the pituitary gland, which leads to an increase in growth hormone secretion by 7-15 times. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide - 2 consists of six connected amino acids. This growth hormone stimulant belongs to the group of peptides that interact with the G protein-coupled receptors of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, it also activates ghrelin receptors, which leads to a strong increase in appetite.
Growth hormone stimulant GHRP-2 has a low molecular weight, so it easily penetrates the oral mucosa, which sometimes helps to avoid the parenteral route of administration. The efficacy and tolerability of the sublingual, intranasal, and buccal methods of administration of the drug are confirmed by medical studies. The results of clinical trials published in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism in 1997 showed that Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide - 2 increases the production of growth hormone in both children and adults and even the elderly. GHRPeptide-2 is the most powerful and at the same time safe stimulant of growth hormone secretion from all existing sports nutrition on the market (in terms of its potency it can be compared with pure growth hormone drugs)
GHRP group
The abbreaviation GHRP stands for Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide, the peptide that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone. All drugs in this group are ghrelin receptor agonists. Their activation lies in the fact that they attach ghrelin receptors and activate them (Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that the properties of gonadoliberin and other metabolic and endocrine functions). As a result, the secretion of its own somatotropic hormone by the pituitary gland is stimulated. This methos of releasing growth hormone has its advantages and disadvantages, which we will describe below.
In medicine, these drugs were originally studied to replace expensive growth hormone treatment in children and adults with insufficient secretion of self-tropin. Later it turned out that this class of drugs has significantly greater therapeutic potential. GHRP drugs are most often used for the same purposes as growth hormone and can be chosen as a more cos-effective alternative. This can be an increase in muscle mass, cosmetic improvement of the skin, strengthening of a healing after injuries.
Mechanism of action
All GHRP are mimetics of ghrelin, a hormone produced by stomach cells in response to fasting. Ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics act by activating the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a). Elevated ghrelin levels increase growth hormone levels by stimulating ghrelin receptors in the pituitary gland. GHRP stimulates the release of growth hormone in the same way that fasting-induced ghrelin increases.
Studies have shown that stimulation of growth hormone secretion by GHRP drugs have many positive anabolic effects associated with increased plasma levels of growth hormone. The increase in growth hormone levels is followed by increased secretion of the IGF-1 protein, which also has many other beneficial properties, such as strengthening tendons by increasing collagen synthesis, as well as neuroprotective properties and a positive effect on immune system.
Effects of Increased Growth Hormone and IGF-1
Growth hormone plays a key role in regulating body composition. An important property of GH is its powerful lipolytic effect. The administration of growth hormone to people with its deficiency reduces body fat mass and significantly increases lean body mass. A recent meta-analysis concluded that growth hormone supplementation in healthy athletes increased body mass by an average pf 1.8 kg.
Growth hormone enhances lipolysis directly by reducing the action of a number of lipogenic enzymes and indirectly increasing the production of other lipolytic hormones such as catecholamines glucagon, as well by increasing the expression of adipocyte adrenoreceptors. In general, these effects lead to an increase in the utilization of body fat. But it is impossible to reliably say that GHRP group drugs affect adipose tissue in exactly the same way, because, as experiments have shown, these peptides can have effects independent of this increasing the amount of fat in the body.
Growth hormone plays an important role as an anabolic agent in human skeletal muscle and tendon connective tissue, which provide a matrix for the transmission of force from individual muscle fibers to bone. Thus, reinforced connective tissue will give a stronger and more resistant muscle and tendon structure. It is for this reason that growth hormone is used by athletes to treat muscle and tendon injuries. Similarly, high levels of growth hormone improves bone strength both directly and indirectly by increasing intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D concentrations.
On the most highly regarded effects of growth hormone is its effects on muscle anabolism. A decrease in muscle mass and protein synthesis is observed with a decrease in the production of growth hormone and IGF-1. Growth hormone induces uptake of glucose and amino acids and stimulates protein synthesis, possibly using energy derived from its lipolytic activity. The effect of growth hormone on protein in mediated both indirectly through IGF-1 and directly.
Cardioprotective properties
In addition to boosting growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, the GHRP family has been shown to have many other beneficial properties in numerous animal studies that remain to be further explored in the future. All of the additional properties of GHRP are exerted in a growth hormone -independent manner and are related to the ability to attach to two different receptors (GHS-R1a and CD36) that appear to mediate their cytoprotective, cardioprotective and other pharmacological properties.
Experiments on animal models have shown that GHRP improves cardiac performance in various ways and creates favorable factors, such as: increase in injection fraction, decrease in blood pressure, improvement of all dysfunctional disorders of the ventricles of the heart (including their reduction with pathological increase), reduction of cardiac fibrosis. Cardioprotective properties of GHRP are able to prevent the death of cardiomyocytes (heart cells) and cause the restoration of critical functions of the heart during episodes of ischemia. These properties make GHRP a new generation of potentially promising cardioprotective agents.
Cytoprotective properties
The GHRP group has not only cardiprotective but also cytoprotective (protection of cells from damage by various influences) properties for many different cells of the body. The results of the studies reviewed are consistent with abroad cytoprotective effect on various organs by reducing inflammation and preventing necrosis (cells damage that leads to their premature death) and apoptosis (the process of self-destrucyion of cells according to a genetically given program in response to a specific external or internal stumuli). One of such cetoprotective properties was found in experiments is hepatoprotective properties. Also, these peptide drugs prevent damage to the gastric mucosa caused by any form of stress.
Anti-inflammatory properties
In addition, this group of peptides has an anti-inflammatory effect, which was shown by experiments on rabbits with arthritis, in which inflammation is diseased joints was significantly reduced when the substance was administrated.
GHRP’s hold great promise as a potential drug in the future, with a very wide range of therapeutic effects on various body functions and tissues. In a large number of test, no serious side effects have been found from their use, both in animals and in humans. In modern sports practice, athletes most often use this group of peptides to increase growth hormone in the blood or increase appetite when gaining muscle mass, but the experimental results shown opens up new possibilities for this class of drugs, which in the future may also become popular among athletes. At the moment, the drug of the GHRP group requires further research, including in humans, to confirm the consistency of these properties in medical practice.
Effects
Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) are able to create a greater boost of growth hormone than Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH).
GHRP peptides do not inhibit the production of own endogenous growth hormone.
Main biological properties
Increased growth hormone and IGF-a levels in the blood which bears the effect of the main properties of these hormones, such as: lipolysis, tendon strengthening, muscle mass increase, neuroprotection and immune system strengthening.
Positive inotropic effect (increases the force of heart contractions).
Antifibrotic effect (Fibrosis is an proliferation of connective tissue with the appearance of cicatricial changes in organs, which usually occurs as a result of chronic inflammation. Fibrous replacement of tissues leads to a gradual loss of their functions and dysfunction of the affected organ). This effect also improves wound healing.
Anti-inflammatory effect.
Cytoprotective effect. (Cytoprotective action is the action of protecting body cells from harmful influences). GHRP reduce the side effects of reactive oxygen species (oxygen ions, free radicals, peroxides), enhance antioxidant protection. These cytoprotective abilities have been found in cells of the heart neurons, gastrointestinal tract and liver, representing a full spectrum of protection for parenchymal organs (liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, pancreas and thyroid).
Cardioprotective action – as shown, it includes various biological actions that combine to increase the survival of cardiomyocytes (muscle cells of the heart).
Vasodilating effect.
Side effects
All drugs of the group (except Ipamorelin) contribute to an increase in the level of prolactin and cortisol.
Unline the GHRH group, the GHRP group peptides increase the level of growth hormone regardlss of the level of self- tostatin (growth hormone- inhibiting hormone)in the blood. If the level of self- tostatin is elevated for any reason, GHRH drugs will not increase the level of growth hormone on the blood.
For the first few weeks, all of these drugs (except Ipamorelin) increase hunger, which is not very good if your goal is to reduce body fat.
GHRP-6
It also bears the name somatotropinreleasing hexapeptide, was created in 1980 (according to other sources -in 1976) and is one of the first drugs in this area. In terms of efficiency, it ranks only third among the funds listed here. Increases cortisol and prolactin in the blood, but the level of these hormones will not be too high if the dosages used are about 100 micrograms per injection. GHRP-6 also increase appetite.
GHRP-2
It was created by modifying the GHRP-6 molecule -the result was a drug that is significantly superior to its “parent” in power. Increases the level of cortisol and prolactin in the blood, as well as increases appetite after injection, which was shown during the experiment. Appetite increased so much that the subjects ate 35.9 +/- 10.9% more when administrated GHRP-2 compared to placebo, and each increased their intake even per kg of body weight (32.5 kcal /kg vs 24.2 kcal /kg). This effect will be useful for athletes during the period of mass gain, but of course it will interfere if your goal is to remove excess fat.
Hexarelin
Hexarelin (aka Examorelin) is the most powerful secretion stimulant somatotropic hormone belonging to the GHRP group and probably the most powerful peptide stimulator of one’s own hormone in general. At all dosage levels, it has the strongest effect on cortisol and prolactin levels, raising these hormone levels to the upper limits of normal.
Ipamorelin
Ipamorelin is the first GHRP receptor agonist with a growth hormone release selectivity similar to that of GHRH. The drug is generally devoid of any side effects that are characteristic of the GHRP group – its usage, even in high dosages, does not lead to an increase in the levels of cortisol and prolactin in the blood plasma. It also does not cause a sharp feeling of hunger, unlike other representatives of this group of peptides. In terms of its effect on the level of growth hormone in the blood, Ipamorelin is comparable to GHRP-6.
Table of various hormones and appetite increase when using GHRP
Growth Hormone raising
Cortisol raising
Prolactin raising
Appetite raising
GHRP-6
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
GHRP-2
High
Medium
Medium
High
Hexarelin
Very High
Very High
Very High
High
Ipamorelin
Low
None
None
None
How to use
The concentration of growth hormone increases significantly within 40-60 minutes after injection, depending on the drug. Over the next two hours after the injection, the concentration of growth hormone gradually decreases to the initial level. This suggests that the desired frequency of injections should be at least 3 times during the day. For the best results, take at least 30-60 minutes before a meal while your blood glucose is not high.
The optimal single dosage is 100-200 mcg per injection. Exceeding the indicated dosage doe not lead to significant increase in the secretion of growth hormone.
The duration of the course should be determined by your goals, but it is important to consider that the experimental data show a decrease in the impact on the level of growth hormone after 4-16 weeks of use. This rate of decline in effectiveness will depend on your individual characteristics of the body.
Combination with other drugs
Because GHRP’s and GHRHs after growth hormone levels by acting on different receptors, administration of GHRP and GHRH will have a synergistic effect. Significant GH- boosting effects will be seen when using CJC-1295 (DAC) 100 mcg once weekly with any GHRP formulation 100 mcg thrice daily. There is also evidence of a good positive effect of the combined use of GHRP and L- arginine.
How to prepare a solution
In order to prepare a solution for injection, you take a syringe already containing a diluent and inject it into a vial containing a lyophilized powder. Tilt the vial so that the needle touches the vial wall. Avoiding injecting the diluent directly into the lyophilized powder. The solvent should slowly flow down the wall of the bottle (do not fill everything at once and take your time). Once all the diluent has been added to the peptide vial, mix gently (but do not agitate or shake the vial) until the lyophilized powder has dissolved and you are left with a clear liquid. Now the drug is ready for use.
Never mix one peptide with another in the same syringe. This creates risks that fragile peptide molecules will be destroyed.
Usage
The injection can be subcutaneous, intramuscular, depending on personal preference.
Storage
The resulting solution can be stored for approximately 21 days in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2- 8 degrees Celsius. The storage time increases if the solution was prepared using bacteriostatic water.
